Pinus mugo

Dwarf mountain pine

Männliche Zapfen (CC BY-SY 4.0) Dominicus Johannes Bergsma

Short Description

Dwarf mountain pine is an evergreen coniferous tree with a growth height of up to three meters.

The dark green needles always grow in pairs. They are coarse, pointed and slightly curved towards the tip of the shoot. Their edge is finely serrated.

The bark is gray-brown to black-gray and has fine cracks and small scales.

There are male and female flower cones. The male flower cones are yellowish and spherical to ovoid. The female flower cones are ovoid, blue-purple to red and usually stand in twos or threes at the shoot tips.

The mature cones are brown and symmetrically shaped. They grow up to seven centimeters long.

Features

Dwarf mountain pine

Pinus mugo
  • needles in pairs

Similar species

Pinus uncinata

Pinus uncinata
Pinus uncinata grows up to 26 meters high. Its cones are asymmetrically shaped.
Weibliche Zapfen (PD) USDA-NRCS PLANTS Database / Herman, D.E. et al. 1996

In the city

Dwarf mountain pine is found on stony ground of various rock types. In the city it is often planted as an ornamental plant in gardens. It is very weak in competition and depends on the removal of other woody plants by humans.

Fun Facts

  • The flowering period is from May to June.

  • Mountain pine oil is extracted from the needles and young shoots. It is used as an additive for baths and as a cold remedy.

  • A dwarf mountain pine can survive an avalanche and is therefore often found on snow-covered slopes.

  • Ihre Lebensdauer ist mit fünf bis zehn Jahren relativ kurz.

  • Endangerment level Germany: not endangered
Zapfen (CC BY-SA 3.0) Agnieszka Kwiecień, Nova

Sources

Männliche Zapfen, Dominicus Johannes Bergsma, CC BY-SY 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hortus_Haren_18-05-2019._(d.j.b).03.jpg

Weibliche Zapfen, USDA-NRCS PLANTS Database / Herman, D.E. et al. 1996, PD, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/21/Pinus_mugo_bud.jpg

Zapfen, Agnieszka Kwiecień, Nova, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/49/Pinus_mugo_cone_01.jpg

Page „Bergkiefer“. : Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Date of last revision: 01.12.2020, 11:38 UTC. URL: https://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bergkiefer&oldid=206123986 (Accessed: 06.08.2021).

Bachofer, M. & Mayer, J. (2015) Der Kosmos Baumführer. 370 Bäume und Sträucher Mitteleuropas. Stuttgart: Franckh-Kosmos Verlags-GmbH & Co. KG.

Farjon, A. (2017) Pinus mugo. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2017. URL: https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-2.RLTS.T42385A95729675.en (Accessed: 30.08.2021).